Li-Ion Battery Performance Degradation Modeling for the Optimal Design and Energy Management of Electrified Propulsion Systems
Heavy-duty hybrid electric vehicles and marine vessels need a sizeable electric energy storage system (ESS).The size and energy management strategy (EMS) of the ESS affects the system performance, cost, emissions, and safety.Traditional power-demand-based and fuel-economy-driven ESS sizing and energy management has often led to shortened battery cy